Respondent's Submission 213. The Respondent made no submissions on the alleged violation of Article 1 of the Charter. The Court's Assessment 214. Article 1 of the Charter declares that "The Member States of the Organization of African Unity parties to the present Charter shall recognise the rights, duties and freedoms enshrined in this Charter and shall undertake to adopt legislative or other measures to give effect to them". 215. The Court observes that Article 1 of the Charter imposes on State Parties the duty to take all legislative and other measures necessary to give effect to the rights and freedoms guaranteed in the Charter. 216. In the instant case , the Court observes that by enacting its Constitution in 2010, the Forest Conservation and Management Act No. 34 of 2016 and the Community Land Act , Act No. 27 of 2016 , the Respondent has taken some legislative measures to ensure the enjoyment of rights and freedoms protected under the Charter. However, these laws were enacted relatively recently. This Court has also found that the Respondent failed to recognise the Ogieks, like other similar groups, as a distinct tribe, leading to denial of access to their land in the Mau Forest and the consequential violation of their rights under Article 2, 8, 14, 17(2) and (3), 21 and 22. In addition to these legislative lacunae, the Respondent has not demonstrated that it has taken other measures to give effect to these rights. 217. In view of the above, the Respondent has violated article 1 of the Charter by not taking adequate legislative and other measures to give effect to the rights enshrined under article 2, 8, 14, 17 (2) and (3), 21 and 22 of the Charter. 1