SUBSTANCE Fair trial /right to have one’s cause heard – article 7 Right to be present at trial Conviction after trial in absentia when the court was aware of the ill health of the defendant and the defendant was not allowed to provide the trial court with reasons for absence violates the right to be present at one’s trial in accordance with article 7(1)(c) of the ACHPR and article 14(3)(d) of the ICCPR (Alex Thomas v United Republic of Tanzania, application 005/2013, judgment, 20 November 2015, paras 81-99).

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